Internal Analysis Apple Essay Example Essay Example

Internal Analysis Apple Essay Example Paper Internal Analysis Apple Essay Introduction Internal Analysis Tangible resources Apple’s tangible resources are extensive and widely documented despite the company’s high level of security in matters of design. The value of analyzing the tangible assets of the organization lies in the determination of the potential for the creation of competitive advantage (Grant 2007). In terms of financial resources, the case quotes Apple’s market capitalization is approximately US $550 billion, with sales annually over $100 billion. This makes Apple the most valuable publicly traded company in the world. The share price currently stands at around $600, merely 12 ears after Steve Jobs’ return to the company, where the share price was $5. Apple’s physical resources include 362 retail stores world wide, which promote sales and effective advertising. Third party manufacturing relationships are also a key aspect of Apple’s success allowing for relatively inexpensive manufacturing while all design aspects stay in-house (Mass 2009). Internal Analysis Apple Essay Body Paragraphs The systems in development, design and software systems are all key aspects of Apple’s organizational and technological resources, and are closely linked to the organization’s intangible resources due to their close relation with knowledge and managerial capabilities. Intangible resources Apple’s overwhelming and unprecedented success in the technology industry undoubtedly stems from its intangible resources. The influence that co-founder and CEO Steve Jobs had on the company is undeniably accountable for its achievements. As an entrepreneur and human resource to Apple, Jobs’ managerial capabilities and innovative ideas were invaluable. The retail stores of Apple also provide intangible resources in the interaction with customers, aesthetically appealing design of the tortes and technological support provided on site in the ‘genius bar’ Arbor 2011). The reputation of Apple and the unique creation of customers ‘needing the newest design i n the latest release of products is an intangible resource vital to the organization’s success; they have captured exactly what the consumer wants. Apple develops and integrates its own hardware and software, and along with the creation of the App store, has created a self-sufficient technological process from start to finish. Consequently, the brand name Apple evokes a whole new facet of technology in today’s society. Capabilities The capabilities of Apple lie in the integration of tasks that combine all aspects of their company, from research and development to product development to marketing and advertising. The entrepreneurial skills and capabilities of Steve Jobs and the the company. Retail Apple stores act not only as a mechanism for sales, but also as a product themselves, as they are invaluable marketing for the brand. The Internet based sales also offers customers to create combinations of their own products, which could be built and shipped with efficiency a nd quality guarantee. Apple rates products that are simple in design, yet so focused on the specifics that customer’s inherently deem them as ‘cool’. Apple also maintains an air of suspense and mystery upon the unveiling of their products, which captures the consumer’s curiosity on a huge scale, an unusual tactic in a society concerned with collaboration and transparency. The use of a platform strategy to create a family of products that will all stream from each other and make use of design elements for derivative products, I. E. the phone, pod touch and pad. The creation of products that, despite ever changing and evolving in technological progress, maintain a clear look and use for consumers is a capability for Apple. Capability Rare Valuable Costly to imitate Non-substitutable Competitive Consequence Design team Yes Yes Yes Yes Competitive Advantage Retail stores Yes Yes Yes Anthropometry CA Internet sales Noses Yes Noncompetitive Parity Design of â₠¬Ëœcool’ products Yes Yes Anthropometry CA Unveiling of products Yes Yes Yes Anthropometry CA Platform strategy Yes Yes Yes Yes Competitive Advantage Clear Apple look and use Yes Yes Yes Yes Competitive Advantage Core Competencies Apple defies the norm in regard to core competencies, that is; the capabilities that serve the company with competitive advantage over rival firms, as it has three that are clearly distinguishable. While most companies can hope to have one or maybe two core competencies, the success that Apple has seen in the past few decades in the global commercial electronics industry has been unprecedented. This has been largely due to the innovation and entrepreneurial quality that has stemmed from the design team and Jobs’ influence in creating products that consumers desire on an ongoing basis. The use of a platform strategy has seen the success of a multitude of products which have offered countless benefits to both Apple itself, and their customers, who can use the same software, hardware, accessories and production between products. Finally, the simple, elegant look and usability of Apple products across the brand has proven to be the core capability that no other company can par. Value Chain Analysis Primary Activities Inbound Logistics superior products, while maintaining a level of quality control. The unique hardware system has also allowed for Apple to be produced entirely from scratch with a unique pirating system. Operations Apple capitalists on economies of scale in their production techniques by utilizing cheaper and more efficient partners to carry out production at a high quality. This leaves the company to focus on the design processing and engineering of innovative development for both current and future products. Outbound Logistics Apple stores have transformed from merchandising buildings designed to attract â€Å"foot traffic† and curious non-Apple customers, to retail destinations. In conjunction with t he stores (which are products in themselves), Apple products are also sold wrought select authorized retailers, which provide a point of contact between staff and consumers as well as an outlet for advertisement for the Apple brand. Customized Internet orders are also directly shipped from storage facilities in China arbor 2009). Marketing and Sales Retail stores are life size advertisements, as the sleek interior design and advanced technological displays of Apple products are a credit to the company as the ultimate marketing display. The secretive product unveiling create hype and curiosity about new Apple products, effective in capturing consumer interest. The real secret to Apple’s marketing, however, lies in its ability to create functional, instinctive products that the consumer finds natural to use. Apple’s marketing campaign highlights this not by specifying the complex features of the product, but rather showing the way that consumers will use them in day to d ay life and look good doing it (Hollies 2011). Service The â€Å"genius bar† feature of the retail Apple store provides a direct consultation service that allows customers to consult an expert technician on problems they may have encountered with their product. The platform strategy that Apple uses also meaner that consumers are already aware of how a product works from previous products of the same family, requiring less training and also less maintenance and repair due to a better developed product. Supporting Activities Firm Infrastructure The structure of the company once Jobs returned to Apple saw the rapid onset of success, due to the focus on innovation rather than process. The lack of specific processes disclosed to the public also raises questions as to the efficiency of creates opportunities for growth, extensive research and development and product expansion. Human Resource Management The employee benefits of working at Apple are numerous, from the testing of produ cts to receiving gifts of the newest designs to superior working environments. Consequently, for such an innovative and rapidly paced industry, the hiring process is selective in order to attract the best entrepreneurial talent. Technological Development The level of secrecy within Apple is extremely high, even between departments within the organization. This is vital to keep the company relevant and competitive. The level of research and development at Apple is extensive, with many employees particularly senior level management) taking a hands on approach in order to utilize â€Å"knowledge work† to achieve the most â€Å"beautiful, elegant solution†. Procurement The relationship between Apple and its suppliers is of utmost importance to the company in order to meet the needs of a competitive, fast-paced business environment. This is supported by Apple’s Supplier Diversity Program, established to uphold social and environmental responsibilities by utilizing a range of suppliers with diverse cultural components (Apple and Procurement 2012). Strengths and Weaknesses table Strengths Weaknesses Large market capitalization Lack of concrete processes Annual sales making Apple the largest publicly traded company worldwide Level of secrecy between departments could lead to overlap of ideas/double-up 362 retail stores worldwide providing advertisement for the company Continuing to release relevant and improved products is rapidly paced industry Strong relationships with third party manufacturers and suppliers Design team with extensive entrepreneurial and innovative skills Retail stores offering a point of contact for consumers as well as customer support for product difficulties We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Analysis Apple Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Analysis Apple Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Analysis Apple Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Identity and Personal Attachments

Identity and Personal Attachments The formation of a person’s identify is shaped by various forces. Much attention is usually paid to his/her socio-economic environment. In particular, one can focus on the ethnic background of an individual, neighborhood, or class. However, it is important to speak about the role of attachments such as family or friends.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Identity and Personal Attachments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To a great extent, they play the role of mentors or trusted advisors whose opinion or values are respected by a person. Moreover, they eventually make independent choices which are based on their conceptions of ethics or rationality. These are the main aspects that can be identified. These questions have been examined in various works of literature and academic studies. The role of personal attachment to other people is illustrated in the short story The Lesson by Toni Bambara. The author throws light on the experiences of a black girl named Sylvia who lives in a poor neighborhood. The writer shows how the values and attitudes of a child can be shaped by various people who can play the role of mentors. At first, one can speak about Miss Moore’s attempts to educate children by teaching them mathematical skills (Bambara 46). She wants to make sure that children are willing to learn. To a great extent, she attempts to play the role of a mentor. However, Sylvia is more attached to the opinions and values of her best friend called Sugar. Sylvia is more likely to emulate the behavior of her friend. Only at the end of the story, it occurs to the protagonist that Miss Moore might have been right, and she attempts to think and act independently. In his short story Eveline, James Joyce also speaks about a woman who recollects the past events of her life. In particular, she thinks about the forces that prompt her to leave her family. In this case, much attention should be paid to the behavior of the protagonist’s father who often resorted to violence. The narrator says that he relied on â€Å"blackthorn stick† to teach children (Joyce unpaged). His behavior is the main reason why Eveline does not feel any attachment to him. He failed to become a role model or a mentor for her family. This is one of the main points that can be made. A very similar situation is described by Theodore Roethke in his poem My Papa’s Waltz. This author speaks about the child who is extremely disappointed with his father, especially his alcoholism (Roethke unpaged). These are some of the main aspects that should be considered. On the whole, one can say that literary works can throw light on the way in which the values of a person are shaped. The development of identity is closely examined by many scholars. For instance, Arielle Deutsch et al. examine the factors that can increase the risk of delinquency. The authors argue that the failure of parents to become role models for children lead to their affiliation with deviant peers (Deutsch et al. 71). One can say that some teenagers can become the mentors of their coevals.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main problem is that this situation often leads to the deviant behavior of a child and his/her rejection of many values such as education or compliance with the law. This is one of the main risks that should be considered. This is why researchers focus on the practices of parents (Robinson et al. 73). On the whole, educators and psychologists pay close attention the formation of a child’s identity. They argue that children are more likely to be engaged in crime, if they observe it on a regular basis (Milner 119). Nevertheless, researchers also admit the role played by the so-called agents of socialization or people who shape the values of a person. Among these agen ts, one can distinguish parents, teachers, and peers (Berns 48). To a great extent, they can shape a child’s perception of the world and his/her treatment of other people. For instance, teenagers, who interact with deviant peers, may perceive drug abuse as something normal. Nevertheless, it is critical to remember that a person’s ethical choices are critical for his/her development. This issue is explored in the literary sources analyzed in this paper. They show that an individual can take decisions that do not coincide with the values of his/her parents or peers. This is one of the issues that should not be overlooked. Judging from my own experience, I can say that my parents and teachers were the main mentors in my life. They affected many of my values and priorities. To a great extent, I was able to resist the influence of peer pressure. Nevertheless, their influence became much weaker when I reached the age of adolescence. On the whole, this analysis suggests that a person’s attachments and his/her social environment are critical for his/her development. Various literary and academic sources indicate that an individual’s values and priorities are formed through the interaction with parents, teachers, or peers. However, the characters discussed in this paper suggest that these people can take independent decisions. Bambara, Toni. â€Å"The Lesson.† In Stitches: A Patchwork of Feminist Humor and  Satire. Ed.Gloria Kaufman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. 44-49. Print. Berns, Roberta. Child, Family, School, Community: Socialization and Support, 9th  ed.: Socialization and Support, New York: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Identity and Personal Attachments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Deutsch, Arielle, Lisa Crockett, Jennifer Wollf, and Stephen Russell. â€Å"Parent and Peer Pathways to Adolescent Delinque ncy: Variations by Ethnicity and Neighborhood Context.† Journal of Youth and Adolescence 41. 1 (2012): 1078-1094. Print. Joyce, James. Eveline. The Literature Network, n. d. Web. online-literature.com/james_joyce/959/ Milner, Richard. Culture, Curriculum, and Identity in Education, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. Robinson, Lara, Neil Boris, Sherryl Heller, Janet Ryce, Charles Zeanah. â€Å"The Good Enough Home? Home Environment and Outcomes of Young Maltreated Children.† Child Youth Care Forum, 41.3 (2012): 73-78. Print. Roethke, Thomas. My Papas Waltz. PoemHunter. 3 Jan. 2003. Web.. https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/my-papa-s-waltz/.

Organisational behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Organisational behavior - Essay Example A directly proportional relationship has been identified between the two variables. This develops the understanding that if the job satisfaction increases than the productivity/performance of employee will also be increased, this increment in the employee’s productivity is creating a competitive advantage or giving the competitive advantage to the company. This research paper is conducted with the aim of identifying that at what extent the job satisfaction is creating the competitive advantage for the company; along with identifying those components of job satisfaction that are participating the most in improving job performance of the employees. Motivation leads to higher satisfaction, and higher satisfaction leads to higher productivity. LITERATURE REVIEW: Nowadays the companies are determining the reasonable balance between employee commitment and performance of the company (Cullen et al., 2013). The companies are providing fair compensation and rewards to the employees tha t are becoming the main factor in employees’ motivation and self-esteem. Manager has the responsibility to motivate the employees successfully and influence them by different managerial skills to improve organizational efficiency. According to Bratton, Sawchuk, Forshaw, Callinan, & Corbett, (2010) the ability and motivation drives the performance of an employee. Ability of an employee devised through his/her education, equipment, experience, training, ease in the task and two types of capacities i.e. physical and mental. According to Gagne & Deci (2005), the process of performance management is one of the most crucial elements of total reward system and employees at times have to motivate themselves. According to John (2002), the effective performance of an employee leads him/her towards the organizational rewards, as a result, the factor of motivation lies in their performance. Most of the companies require their employees to perform duties according to the rules and policie s of the company and meet all the job standards. The studies that are conducted to determine the relationship between compensation and employees were focused to improve the performance of the employee in the organization (Lai & Chen, 2012). Nowadays employees that are highly motivated create a competitive advantage for their companies; because their effective performance leads an organization to well attainment of its goals. Among all the resources of the company; human resource is most important that can give the competitive advantage to the company. According to Bryman (2013), commitment of the employees is very much based on the reward and recognition system of the company. Most of the organizations increase the performance efficiency of employees by designing attractive rewards and compensation system in the company. Various researches have been done so far in determining the most effective way to increase the productivity of most of the employees in the organization, and it has determined that the most effective way to increase the work efficiency of employees is the rewards and compensation system in the company. Rewards and recognition system play an important role in developing employee satisfaction and motivation. The working environment is continuously changing with the technological advancement and changing human

Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy - Essay Example This boundary erected by the individual is different for different persons concerned and can be altered depending upon the circumstance and the relationship with other party. An individual is at complete liberty to voluntarily sacrifice his personal privacy. This sacrifice is often associated with benefits in exchange. People who exercise steps to preserve their privacy expect other to respect it. That is why an individual’s right to be not subject to unauthorized privacy raid by anyone is part of numerous countries privacy law. In today’s world, an individual’s privacy is not completely in his own hands. This protection of privacy is also dependent upon the other people with whom the individual has shared his personal information. Any breach of confidence can easily result in loss of privacy i.e. access or knowledge of your personal information to an unauthorized person. Increasing use of technology in workplace has brought with it various benefits ranging from lower operating cost to increased efficiency. However, these benefits are not without side effects because rapidly increasing technology use has become a point of concern for employer and employee both. At a workplace, employers have access to personal information of the employees. How much access an employer has and how is a question of debate. Employers believe that it is necessary to collect this information through monitoring the employee’s activities to avoid liability and discourage illegitimate activities. Employers believe that their act of surveillance and monitoring of employing activities in the office is their right as it leads to reliable performance evaluation of employees, helps in guarding trade secrets etc. Employers have various methods for monitoring employees in the office. These method ranges from recording office telephone, video equipments and having technological admittance to

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Freemark Case Essay Harvesting Riesling grapes immediately , or leave them on the vines despite the approaching storm the place of the vineyard. Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The Freemark winery wine produced only first best grape varieties bottled 25,000 cases of wine each year as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay . The Grapes of Freemark Abbey came from an ideal environment in the central and southern California -Napa valley . The type of wooden barrel used for storing wine influences the style of wine produced. The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If the grapes are harvested at 20 % sugar, the wine is fermented Dry ( all the sugar alcohol is exchanged for carbon dioxide ) or almost dry . If the grapes are harvested at 25 % sugar, the winemaker can produce a wine with the same alcohol (10 % ) but with 5 % residual sugar , this wine is sweet and relatively intense . Freemark Abbey had already produced a crop of botrytis Riesling in 1973. Jaeger concluded that there was a 50% chance that rain would hit the Napa Valley. Because the storm had originated on the warm waters of Mexico , and thought there was a 40% chance that if the storm hit , would result in the development of botrytis mold . Freemark Abbey had the option to sell the wine in large quantities, or could sell grapes directly . These alternatives would bring only a means of income, but avoid the damaging reputation of the winery, which would be risky engrossed an inferior product. If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. With less appropriate climate , the level of sugar would exceed 20 % producing a lighter wine probably sell about $ 3. The same process that resulted in increasing sugar concentration also caused a 30% reduction in overall juice . The highest price was therefore offset by a reduction in part on the amount . Expenses for the winery were about the same for each of the possible styles of wine and were small compared to the wholesale price . Evaluate the facts : Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. Define the problem : Should riesling grapes harvested immediately or leave them on the vines despite the storm that is approaching -Napa Valley ? Establish alternative solutions : A possible solution would be to hire a provider or a scientist , to help provide a pesticide. A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . One possible solution would be to harvest the grapes immediately and directly , avoiding possible contamination but a possible change in the fermentation and maturation of these . Choose the most appropriate alternative solution A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . Prepare an action plan It would have to execute a plan of action by companies and providers that help Freemark grape production using microorganisms that help break down and improve the quality of the grapes. It would be an amicable solution with the environment , and help to prevent accidents of rain and being productive .

Is Elearning The Way Forward Education Essay

Is Elearning The Way Forward Education Essay E-learning, in its broadest sense, is the use of networked information technologies in education. E-learning is also called as web based learning, online learning or Internet based learning. E-learning is not bound to time and classroom attendance students and teachers may be at different locations on different times. One of the most common types of E-learning takes the form of distance learning courses. Universities upload course material for the student to study individually and complete tasks based on the course material. This allows students to access the course material on the web anytime and from anywhere. Advancement in computing and information technology coupled with almost universal availability of the broadband make e-learning an enticing option in many fields including medical education. In this assignment I will be reflecting on my personal experience with e-learning. I will also discuss its applicability in undergraduate medical education, postgraduate medical educatio n and continuing medical education of practicing clinicians. Theory behind e-learning The meaning of knowledge and learning have changed through time. There is a certain swift in emphasis on learning, rather than teaching, as we rightly move towards a learner centred curriculum. E-learning, which is based on well documented adult learning principles, certainly facilitates a learner centred approach. Traditional education is based on instructivism theory. Teacher or tutor teaches a predefined set of information, deciding what students had to learn. Students learn to pass the examination. E-learning is based on constructivist and cognitive theories suggesting that learning is individualised and the students past experiences and knowledge have a great impact on the newly acquired knowledge (Jonassen 1994). Blended learning refers to learning involving multiple methods and approaches, commonly a mixture of class room and e-learning Requirements for successful implementation Mitchell and Honore 2008 proposed a pyramidal system for successful implementation of e-learning programmes. The base of the pyramid, which forms the foundation for successful e-learning programme, consists of appropriate, accessible technology and usable, stimulating and interactive design. The apex of the pyramid is represented by the individuals who are involved in the programme and their attitude and motivation forms a major part in the success of e-learning methods. Basic computing skills are essential for the success of e-learning. There is an assumption that the current undergraduates have the necessary computing skills. Kiran et al 2004 has shown that computing skills among undergraduates are variable and one can not assume expertise or even ability. Good technical support is essential including after hours support. For effective e-learning, student should be able to access material quickly both on campus and at home. Slow connectivity can be a problem. There is considerable cost involved in setting an e-learning programme. Role of e-learning in Continuing Medical Education All practicing clinicians in the United Kingdom are obliged to attend Continuing Medical Education programmes to maintain knowledge and skills as a part of appraisal and revalidation (The General Medical Council). E-learning offers excellent opportunities in this area. I have completed many online e-learning courses. Advantages of these courses include minimal cost, no travel cost and there is no need to take time off to attend these courses as they can be completed from home. They offer excellent value for money and the quality of these courses are comparable to that off traditional courses. I recently attended an advanced laparoscopic surgery skills course. Few weeks prior to the course I was asked to sign up to the course organisers web site. I was able access part of the course material. This enabled me to practise some of the skills prior to attending the course. This has certainly enhanced my learning more than I would have acquired without the access to the e-learning material. There were 20 participants form 8 countries and most found the e-learning very useful. E-learning has made it possible for practicing clinicians from a remote part of the world to contact their peers through video conferencing in the management of difficult clinical situations and this facilitates on-the-job learning. When I was a resident in 1989 I had to wait for over two weeks to find out about an important adverse effect of a drug which now I could find out in a couple of minutes using online electronic databases. In medical education there can be no doubt that opportunities for learning occur all the time and not confined to the class room and e-learning has a lot to offer in this regard. Role of e-learning in Postgraduate Medical Education E-learning plays an important role in Postgraduate Medical Education. Many Deaneries across the United Kingdom has setup e-learning portals for the benefit of postgraduate trainees. Harden 2006 suggested that e-learning will be one of the most important developments in the delivery of postgraduate medical education. In surgical training many hands on courses utilise e-learning methods to enhance face-to-face learning. Types of e-learning resources The basic e-learning resources include e-textbooks, power point presentations of lectures and electronic notice boards. The communication in these methods is one way. Bilham 2005 argues that much of e-learning using these methods was based upon a model of knowledge transmission from the teacher to student as in the traditional education system. The rise of new technologies has turned the World Wide Web from strictly an information destination into a platform, not only to read or watch media, but to actually do things (Martin and Parker 2008). This has made innovative approaches possible in the field of medical education including group projects, virtual patients and virtual clinics. This encourages interactive learning. E-learning in undergraduate medical education I discussed with many Foundation Year one doctors who have graduated from different medical schools across the country. I have observed that the usage of e-learning is variable between medical schools. They felt that e-learning enhanced their learning in basic medical science like anatomy. Multimedia graphics helped them as they felt that the laboratory demonstration in it self was not sufficient for learning. In clinical medicine they felt that e-learning was beneficial in problem based case discussions and case presentations. E-learning has the potential to enhance the learning instead of simply presenting the information. Examples of beneficial multimedia may include a video clip, computer animation for explaining the underlying patho physiology and images of investigations like chest x ray or endoscopy pictures. I have observed that some e-learning using multimedia technology detract the learner from the key message that the teacher wanted to convey and this should be avoided. Physical skills are best learnt by performing them under direct supervision. E-learning, however, can be used to augment the teaching of practical skills. A video showing the technique will be helpful in priming the learner prior to attending a teaching session. Another interesting development in medical education is the application of virtual patient. Examples in this category include a video of clinical consultation to illustrate history taking or examination skills or for demonstrating a physical sign. This is useful for demonstrating certain clinical conditions which the student is unlikely to encounter during their short stay in certain clinical attachments like dermatology or rheumatology. Virtual patients can be used to teach the skills of diagnostic reasoning and patient management through interactivity. There are packages available which allows the student to take a virtual history from a bank of questions and this is followed by examining the patient. This can be artificial and I believe this is better learnt bedside. We have to acknowledge that most of the learning that occurs in clinical practice is opportunistic and technologies which could bridge the gap in experience will be beneficial. Assessment and feedback in e-learning Assessment and feedback are important elements of medical education. Time logged on to the website and accessing the e-learning modules can be monitored as a part of formative assessment. Formative or summative assessments in e-learning courses can be carried out using Multiple Choice Questions and Extended Matching Questions. Multimedia enhanced virtual patient case scenarios can be used for assessment followed by Multiple Choice Questions or diagnostic reasoning tests. Care must be taken to include all possible correct answers in diagnostic reasoning tests because programming can be technically challenging. I have some reservations in using e-learning summative assessments as the identity of the student can not be guaranteed and may encourage cheating. Feedback in e-learning is limited to correction of mistakes and it is difficult to provide detailed feedback. Evidence for e-learning in medical education Cook et al 2008 conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of internet based instruction in medical education. They have concluded that e-learning is better than no intervention and as effective as traditional education. They have also concluded that there is no evidence to conclude that e-learning is better than traditional education. Clark 2002 has demonstrated that students are very satisfied with e-learning. Students, however, do not see e-learning replacing instructor-led training but as a complement to it, forming a part of a blended learning strategy. Advantages and disadvantages of e-learning E-learning has many advantages. The learner can schedule the learning around their personal and professional life minimising disruption to their day to day life. E-learning allows the learner to choose the learning material which is beneficial to them. The learner can pace their learning which suits them best. They will be able to contact their colleagues and teachers in discussions which can happen synchronously or asynchronously depending on the nature of the discussion. E-learning encourages the learner to take responsibility to their learning. The disadvantages of e-learning are as follows. There is a considerable start up cost as well as maintenance cost and this should be taken in to account when setting up an e-learning programme. As learners are responsible for their learning unmotivated learners and learners with poor study habit may find it difficult to progress. There is added responsibility for the facilitator to be available on demand. Students may feel socially isolated, however, blended learning overcomes this issue. Slow or unreliable internet connection can be challenging as most multimedia content needs fast internet connection. Conclusion E-learning has become an integral part of medical education starting from undergraduate medical education to the continuing professional development of the practising clinicians. Like other teaching methods, e-learning has its own strengths and weaknesses and need to be used appropriately. E-learning has the potential to shift the balance form teaching to learning. Basic computing skills are essential for e-learning. The range of e-learning activities varies from e-books to co-ordinated project works. Studies have shown that the results of e-learning methods are comparable to traditional teaching methods in undergraduate medical education. To be successful e-learning has to be combined with traditional teaching methods as a blended approach as practice of medicine involves real patients not virtual patients. E-learning is also playing an important role in the development of postgraduate trainees and life long learning of practicing clinicians. E-learning certainly has the potential t o enhance the learning in medical education, if used appropriately.

One Child Policy in China

What is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied. People would have suffered from famine, death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China.On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and why it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao's belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000).Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy.The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate. Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002).Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_in&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=country:CHN&ifdim=region&hl=en&dl=en&ind=false&icfgOne of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The sufficient nature resource is a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize.As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†. As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children.It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation. Most single children are unable to care for their older adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives.Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and  having babies. In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are still st ruggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress.With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China's population, the world's largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from 1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008.Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Child Polic y suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world.Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chinese hist ory.ReferencesHu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China's Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htmNational Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htmPage, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. htmlPotts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361.Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021One Child Policy in Chi naWhat is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied.People would have suffered from famine,  death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China. On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and w hy it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao's belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000).Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy. The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate.Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002).Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_in&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=country:CHN&ifdim=region&hl=en&dl=en&ind=false&icfgOne of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The  sufficient nature resource i s a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize. As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†.As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children. It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation.Most single children are unable to care for their old er adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives. Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and having babies.In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are st ill struggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress.With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China's population, the world's largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from  1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008.Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Ch ild Policy suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world.Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chi nese history.ReferencesHu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China's Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htmNational Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htmPage, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. htmlPotts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361.Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021

Colgate Marketing

Colgate-Palmolive Company  (NYSE:  CL) is an  American  diversified  multinational corporation  focused on the production, distribution and provision of household, health care and personal products, such as  soaps,  detergents, and  oral hygiene  products  . In 1806,  William Colgate, himself a soap and candle maker, opened up a starch, soap, and candle factory on Dutch Street in  New York City  under the name of â€Å"William Colgate & Company†. In the 1840s, the firm began selling individual bars in uniform weights. In 1857, William Colgate died and the company was reorganized as â€Å"Colgate & Company† under the management of  Samuel Colgate, his son.In 1872, Colgate introduced  Cashmere Bouquet, a perfumed soap. In 1873, the firm introduced its first toothpaste, an aromatic toothpaste sold in jars. His company sold the first toothpaste in a tube, Colgate Ribbon Dental Cream, in 1896. By 1908 they initiated mass selling of too thpaste in tubes. Colgate-Palmolive has long been in fierce competition with  Procter & Gamble, the world's largest  soap  and  detergent  maker. P;amp;G introduced its  Tide  laundry detergent  shortly after  World War II, and thousands of consumers turned from Colgate's soaps to the new product.Colgate lost its number one place in the  toothpaste  market when P&G started putting  fluoride  in its toothpaste. In the beginning of  television, â€Å"Colgate-Palmolive† wished to compete with  Procter & Gamble  as a sponsor of  soap operas. Although the company sponsored many shows in part, they were most famous for being the full sponsor of the serial  The Doctors. Year Wise Details * 1873 – Aromatic toothpaste was first introduced. * 1896 – First dental cream was introduced in collapsible tube. * 1928 – Colgate merged with Palmolive Peet Company. * 1937 – Colgate Palmolive India limited was come in exi stence. 1949 – Colgate toothpaste launched in Indian market by CPIL. Company details * Fabian Garcio is the Chairmen and Roger D. Calmayer is the M. D Company.* It acquired 75% equity in advance oral care product * Registered office is located at Mumbai. * Its total turn over is Rs. 1363 cr. * Its main business is manufacturing and marketing of oral care products toilet soaps, shaving products etc. * Its has captured highest share in the toothpaste brand in India. * Its manufacturing plant is situated at Baddi plant of Himachal Pradesh Colgate toothpaste * Launched in 1949 , Colgate is largest tooth paste in India . Colgate has been ranked as India most trusted brand across all Categories for four consecutive years from 2003 to 2007 by brand equities most trusted brand survey. Colgate was also rated as the no. 1 brand. * Colgate toothpaste has variety of products which includes : * Colgate dental cream * Colgate active salt * Colgate max fresh * Colgate total 12 * Colgate ext ra clean gum care * Colgate sensitive toothbrush * Colgate 360 toothbrush Total market share of Colgate in different years The leader in the oral-care category is positioned to capitalize on underpenetrated market segments through strong brands.A 51% subsidiary of Colgate US, Colgate Palmolive (India) (CPIL) is a market leader in the Indian oralcare industry since decades. The company has products across variants and price points in toothpaste, toothpowder, and toothbrushes, and has leadership in each of these. CPIL’s two brands of toothpastes — Colgate and Cibaca — are targeted at the urban and rural markets, respectively. CPIL’s toothpaste sales volume increased 11% and toothbrush 41% in the September 2008 quarter, expanding its overall market share to 37. 7% in the January-August 2008 period. The company boosted the toothpowder market share to 48. % in the January-August 2008 period. These increases were driven by tight focus on getting closer to consu mers everywhere, strengthening partnerships with the dental profession and customers in the trade and fostering innovation in all areas of business. The launch of innovative products such as Colgate Active Salt, Colgate Maxfresh and Colgate 360 ° toothbrush also contributed to the growth of the market share. Penetration of modern oral-care products below 55% is low in India as many people in rural India still clean their teeth with traditional products like twigs of neem tree, salt, ash, and other herbal items.Per capita consumption of toothpaste in India is among the lowest globally. While India’s per capita consumption of toothpaste is 92 grams, even countries like China and Malaysia consume much at 219 grams and 285 grams, respectively. Also, just 7% of the population here brushes twice a day as compared with 61% in China. Increasing awareness on the benefits of oral care and brushing twice daily would work in favour of CPIL. In the current scenario of economic slowdown, there may be a reduction in demand for premium products and higher demand for value-for-money products.CPIL will be at a significant competitive advantage as it has one of the strongest brands in the lower priced toothpaste segment. The company has improved its presence in the value-for-money segment through an increase in market share of Cibaca from 5% in the year ended March 2005 (FY 2005) to 7. 3% in FY 2008. The markets for advanced oral products like mouth wash, dental floss and teeth whitening products are at a nascent stage in India. These products find limited usage with consumer concentration in urban areas. CPIL caters to these products and has an upper hand in the development of this market as they evolve in future.The company has also made attempts to widen its product basket through entry into shower gels and body washes and has been steadily expanding its offerings in the Palmolive Naturals as well as Palmolive Thermal Spa range. To make effective use of capital, addr ess overcapitalisation and reward shareholders, CPIL cut its share capital from Rs 136 crore to Rs 13. 6 crore in the fiscal ended March 2008 (FY 2008). Though the number of shares outstanding and the shareholding structure have remained unchanged, this reduction has substantially improved the return ratios like return on capital employed (RoCE) and return on equity (RoE).RoCE spurted to 129. 95% in FY 2008 from 90. 01% in FY 2007. RoNW improved to 104. 67% from 71. 23%. CPIL aims at margin gains through efficient supply-chain management and bringing down cost of operations. It has expanded its Baddi (tax-efficient zone), Himachal Pradesh, capacity to 66,000 tonnes in FY 2009 from 40,000 tonnes in FY 2007. This plant enjoys excise and income-tax exemption. These benefits will boost margin. With most commodity prices falling, CPIL’s raw material, packing and transport costs will also come down, helping it to increase margin as also expand ad budgets to boost volume growth.Net sales increased 16% to Rs 863. 06 crore in the half year ended September 2008. Operating profit margin declined 96 basis points to 18. 9% and operating profit grew 10% to Rs 162. 95 crore. Total tax outgo fell 11% to Rs 28 crore, which lifted net profit 17% to Rs 135. 40 crore. Company expect CPIL to register EPS of Rs 19. 7 in FY 2009. The share price trades at Rs 405. P/E is 20. 6. Cost of advertisement incurred by colgate toothpaste in different years. Strong rural off take for FMCG products and Colgate’s expanding market shares in oral care suggest that the company could sustain strong topline growth over the next 2-3 years.Colgate’s profit growth may outpace sales growth, as it widens its product mix and lowers tax incidence by shifting more of its production to tax-free zones. At the current market price, the stock trades at about 19 times its expected earnings for 2008-09 and about 16 times expected earnings for 2009-10, at par with FMCG peers. The companyâ€⠄¢s strong cash coffers, rising dividends and high dividend yield also make the stock a good defensive pick in a volatile market. Colgate Palmolive India, which holds a 49. 2 per cent market share in toothpastes and a 35. 2 per cent share in toothbrushes, is the dominant player in the Indian oral care market.Oral care products have seen strong volume growth over the past year, driven by consumer upgrading (from toothpowder to paste) and strong rural offtake. As the only other FMCG company apart from Hindustan Unilever to have an extensive rural distribution network, Colgate appears well placed to capitalise on strong rural demand for FMCGs, which is being driven by buoyancy in rural incomes and spending power. In the past year, Colgate has been able to expand its oral care market share on the back of new product launches and a strong presence in the economy segment where rival Hindustan Unilever does not have a major presence.Given its dominant market share, Colgate enjoys considera ble pricing power to pass on input cost increases to consumers. The company has also made attempts to widen its relatively narrow product basket through an entry into shower gels and body washes and has been steadily expanding its offerings under the â€Å"Palmolive Naturals† as well as â€Å"Palmolive Thermal Spa† range. Shower gel is a high growth segment which offers superior profit margins. Colgate’s strategy of shifting from outsourcing to own manufacture of products and locating new facilities in tax-free zones, has also led to steadily improving profitability.Its operating profit margins have moved up from 17-18 per cent to 22 per cent over the past 3 years. The company closed the nine months ended December 2007 with a 14-per cent growth in sales and a 30-per cent growth in net profit (excluding one-off items), despite significantly higher advertising spends. COMAPANY’S SALES IN LAST 3 YEARS Amounts spend by all toothpaste brands on advertisement ( InRs. Crs. ) From the above data we can say that Colgate gives preference to TV media and very small share of advertisement budget is spent on print media Toothpaste penetrationTalking about penetration Colgate concentrates more on urban India, so there is scope to expand business and market share in rural India . Cost of advertisement incurred by different toothpaste brands Even when we will compare Colgate with its competitors in terms of amount spent on marketing we can see that we can clearly see that colgate is the one who spends highest amount on advertising i. e. 40 % of entire market spending on advertisement. Competitor who stood second in spending is PEPSODENT . PEPSODENT spends 22% on advertisement capturing 22. 8 %of the total market share. Followed by CLOSEUP whos is third inProduct mix Strong Teeth Decay Protection | Colgate Strong | Complete 12 Hr Protection | Colgate Total | Cooling Crystal Freshness | Colgate Max Fresh | Fresher Breath | Colgate Energy Gel | Plaque &Removal | Colgate Herbal | Total Oral Care | Colgate Cibacea | Stains Preventing & Shiny | Colgate Advanced Whitening | Germ Fighters | Colgate Salt | Fruity Bubble Gam Flavour | Colgate Kids | Price Mix The Regular segment: Volume(64,922 tons) | The Low price point segment Volume(21,641 tons) | Price Range | | Price Range | | 50 gms | Rs 12. 5-24 | 50 gms | Rs. 8-10 | 100 gms | Rs. 25-30 | 100 gms | Rs. 4-20 | 150 gms | Rs. 35-45 | 150 gms | Rs. 25 | Prominent brands: | Prominent brands: |†¢ Colgate †¢ Pepsodent †¢ Close-up †¢ Meswak †¢ Dabur Red | †¢ Colgate Cibaca †¢ Babool †¢ Anchor †¢ Ajanta | Place mix * Colgate palmolive spread all over country. It has 3. 5 million retail outlets and 4235 direct distribution channel. * It has cover 75 % of urban market and 39 % of rural market of its total market share. * Colgate toothpaste are available at all most every retail shops in pune. * The Company is tying up with initiatives lik e E- Chupal and Disha to further strengthen its distribution network. Shubham Enterprises * Add. 16 no. , New kalebari, Meera complex ground floor pune (411033) Dealer margin : 10 Rs (per carton) Retailer margin Per box 6 – 7 Rs. (Per box ) box 50 gm. – 24 piece box 100 gm. – 12 piece box 200 gm – 6 piece promotion mix * Colgate has use various promotion strategy like discount , offers such as 20% extra on colgate strong , free tooth brush with cibaca toothpaste . * It has adopted various medium of advertisement like TV ads, oral care campaign * It has tied up with IDA * It has given free check up by introducing oral health month.Steps taken: Segmentation * CPIL has segmented market on the basis of product features * 1 Geographic segmentation – * Rural area – Colgate herbal &Cibaca toothpaste. * Urban area – Colgate Gel ,Colgate max fresh, Colgate strong etc. Demographic segmentation * A) Age – 2 year & above * B) Gende r – M/F * C) Income – Rs. 5000 & above * D) Family life cycle – Young single, married, with children , old people * E) Education – Both educated on non educated people Psychographic Segmentations * A) Life style – * Sustainer – Colgate Strong Colgate dental Achiever – Colgate energy gel * Experimental – Colgate citrus blast * Health Conscious – Colgate herbal Behavioral Segmentation * A) Value segmentation – Good quality , benefits, value for money* B) User status – Regular user, first time * C) Loyalty – Medium , strongly * D) Uses rate – light & Medium Targeting * Company has mainly targeted children& youth all over the country . Since a child involves it’s whole family so their parents also use it. * For youths they have launched Colgate max fresh & Colgate energy Gel for modern & adventures generation. Positioning As the â€Å"dental expert† Colgate has id entified different oral needs and Offers the customer a toothpaste that full fill their desired needs. * It has established its brand image in customer mind so customer has total faith on it. Conclusion & Recommendations * CIPL is doing extremely well in all the areas of its operations and this is the reason for its being the market leader. * It is no. 1 brand of toothpaste in India it has capture more than 39% market share. * The company should focuse on more promotional strategies and Distribution system through effective SCM to beat its competitor .

buy custom The Holocaust Victims and Perpetrators essay

buy custom The Holocaust Victims and Perpetrators essay The Holocaust was the period between January 30, 1933 and May 8, 1945, a time when Adolf Hitler was at the helm of Germany. The Holocaust is also referred to as Shoah in Hebrew. The Nazi Germany circulated propaganda that the Jews were responsible for the grievances of the Germans, so they made deliberate efforts to fight back. Hitler devised what he called the Final Solution, according to which the Nazis subjected the Jews to harsh treatment, before they started murdering the Jews in cold blood in June 1941. They killed Jews in the Soviet Union, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, among other European nations. The Nazis did not face much resistance in Europe because the majority of the European countries made it difficult for the Jews to leave the continent. In the end, Hitlers operation led to the murder of 6 million Jews, including 1.5 million children. Oskar Schindler was a German businessman who managed to save the lives of over 1,000 Jews from the Nazis. In the movie Schindler's List, the Jews are projected as faint with no means to resist or retaliate against the animosity they went though in the hands of the Nazis. Schindler also shows that the Nazis were determined to make the Jews suffer for all the misery the Germans had gone through, which they blamed on the Jews. Furthermore, it did not matter to the Nazis that some of the captives were innocent children, but what mattered to them is that they carried the blood of the people they loathed so much. This is the same picture painted by Primo Levi, a Jewish author, in his book Survival in Auschwitz. Levi was of Jewish ancestry with an Italian citizenship who was taken into captivity on December 13, 1943 by The Fascist Militia. In his book, he portrays the Jewish population as victims of unwarranted hostility from the Nazis, not to mention that innocent lives were lost during th e Holocaust. Levi goes ahead to say that the Jews did not have the capacity to defend themselves because they lacked the necessary resources including funds, military, expertise, and contacts (Levi 13). In Italy as well, the Fascists and the Nazis had no regard for families, and they bundled all the Jews in detentio camps irrespective of their age. In both the movie and the book, the Jews felt dejected and hopeless because the Shoah caught them unawares, and they did not receive any support from the rest of the world, which at the time was also in war. A person watching Schindlers movie or reading Levis book would agree that the Jewish victims are on the bottom, as Levi prefers to put it in the second chapter. The Jews were on the bottom because they were helpless with no means to fight back for lack of an organized military, funds, and expertise; thus, they sat patiently waiting for death to come. Furthermore, they were caught unawares by the developments that transpired with every new day since they did not have contacts or spies who could leak information to them to help them plan their next course of action. Moreover, the rest of the European countries made it difficult for the Jews to leave the continent, which indirectly put the Jews at the mercies of the Nazis and other pro-Nazis militia (Levi 22). The Jews felt more helpless because the rest of the world did not oppose the brutality of the Nazis. It is also clear that the Jews were despondent because parents could not provide care and protection to their children because th ey did have the power or capacity to do so since they were all held captives. However, there were those parents who managed to send their children out of Europe; but even then, they were disconsolate because they would not be there to raise them. Levi wrote another book called The Drowned and the Saved, which detailed the days that led to the chaotic uprising in October 1944. According to the book, the revolt led to the death of millions of Jews, and only a few survived (Levi 56). Those who survived included Levi, who was a laboratory assistant in a synthetic rubber plant, among other Jews who held positions such as those of waitresses, sweepers, bed-smoothers, messengers, barracks chiefs, kettle washers, night-watchmen, interpreters, and clerks. Those who survived are the saved, and those who died from the bloodshed of the revolt are the ones who drowned. Most perpetrators in the fiilm Schindler's List are portrayed as willing perpetrators of the brutality meted out to the Jewish community. These perpetrators are portrayed as people whose mental universe had been configured to the Nazi ideology, such that they were willing to commit the atrocities in the name of defending the establishment. The two soldiers who shoot one of Schindler's friends go about the killing in a manner that does show any remorse or feelings for the victims. Similarly, the sniper who kills the workers in the field seems to enjoy every bit of his actions; he is not particularly moved by the plight of the suffering. In fact, the sniper indulges in sexual fantasies before he engages in the next killing. Schindler appears to be the only insider that empathizes with the suffering Jews. Others are portrayed as willing tormentors who are very eager to advance the course of their master. Besides advancing the ends of Nazism, this group appears to be bent on the objective of drawing sufficient capital from the plight of the masses. In this film, the Nazi soldiers, who go about burning the bodies of Jews, do not appear remorseful. They undertake the activities with a certain mechanical detachment as if they were burning some inanimate forms. Their actions are governed by hatred and are sustained by the Nazi philosophy of racial exclusiveness. However, it could be argued that many of the perpetrators had not engaged much reflection in the activities that they undertook. This is most evident at the point when Schindler addresses the soldiers who are about to exterminate the Jews in his concentration camp. He tells them that they could choose to go home with righteous consciences or as murder ers of the innocent. He awakens them to the gruesome reality of mass murder such that none of the soldiers is willing to take part in the killing. At this precise moment, the entire platoon walks away sparing the lives of thousands of Jews under Schindler. From this particular example, it could be argued that the perpetrators were brainwashed by the sensational and racist philosophies of Nazism, which shielded their collective conscience from the inhumanity of their actions for the entire period that the Holocaust lasted. Buy custom The Holocaust Victims and Perpetrators essay

The Flat Tax essays

The Flat Tax essays The United States tax system is in complete disarray. Republicans and Democrats agree that the current tax code is complex, unfair, and costly. The income tax system is so complex; the IRS publishes 480 tax forms and 280 forms to explain the 480 forms (Armey 1). The main reason the tax system is so complex is because of the special preferences such as deductions and tax credits. Complexity in the current tax system forces Americans to spend 5.4 billion hours complying with the tax code, which is more time than it takes to manufacture every car, truck and van produced in the United States (Armey 1). Time is not the only thing that is lost with the current tax system; Americans also lose great deal of money complying with the tax code. Resources that are currently wasted on record keeping, filing forms, learning the tax code, litigation, and tax avoidance. The cost of complying with the current tax code totals about $200 billion annually, or $700 for every man, woman, and child i n America (Armey 1). The overwhelming consensus that the current tax system is inadequate has ignited the search for tax reform. There are numerous proposals for tax reform; one particular proposal brought forth by various conservatives is the idea of national flat rate income tax. The idea is to replace the current income tax with a single rate that everyone pays. This paper will take a close look at the concepts of the flat tax, and look at the possible benefits and potential failings. Although there is a basic format to the flat tax, there are multiple flat tax proposals that have been offered by conservatives. Along with critiquing the basic format of the flat tax, this paper will compare and contrast the different flat tax proposals. There is no doubt among Americans and politicians that there is need for tax reform, the flat tax and one of its proposals could possibly be the answer to tax reform. The American people are in t...

International Business Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Business Assignment - Essay Example Company also became an online store in February 2005 with rebelsport.com.au. Now it has become all the more convenient to purchase performance runners, lifestyle footwear and apparel, gym equipment, yoga clothes, junior wear, licensed jerseys, specialized team and individual sport equipment, camping and outdoor gear and such items just at the click of a mouse. The latest financial figures of company (sales revenue for the nine months ended 1 April 2006) indicate an increase in sales revenue by 14.5% to $272.9 million compared to nine months ended 2 April 2005. Company hopes to cash-in on the Soccer mania and is looking forward to the period of April - June 2006 when the Soccer World Cup begins in Germany. Rebel Sport is associated with some major sporting bodies like National Rugby League (NRL), Cricket Australia, and Soccer NS around Australia. Company has also developed two sponsorship programs MVP and Rebel Sport Rookies to assist both sporting clubs/schools and individuals. In order to fulfill its commitment towards the society, company supports some charities as well. Starlight Foundation, The Day of Difference Foundation, Jeans for Genes (an initiative of The Children's Medical Research Institute of Australia-CMRI) are some of the charity organizations being benefited by this Philanthropy. New avenueNew avenues for business are explored when environment demands increase in pace of activity. Strategists feel more satisfied and comfortable with the prospects of growth from expansion and once the company feels secure and experienced enough on the home-ground it can very well start thinking about crossing the borders and entering the fiercely competitive international arena. It can very well be said that online retail counter can cater to anybody around the globe but for the brand to be recognized and developing 'brand loyalty' physical presence in different markets is a must. Rebel Sports has an experience of more than 20 years in this field so it can very well plan a strategy for opening stores in other countries as well. Today, rules of business success have changed. Innovation and the art of mastering the technological edge have emerged as the new competitive advantages. Information technology and improvements in global telecommunications are giving international firm s more flexibility to shape their global strategies. Rebel sports made good use of the information age by starting online training of its staff and thus channeling the inherent creative talents of all individuals in the right direction, a recipe for success. Now the moot question is 'which strategy to opt for, while entering the International arena. In general the strategies could be categorized as; 1. A multi domestic strategy 2. A global or international strategy 3. A transnational strategy A multi domestic strategy enables individual subsidiaries of a multinational firm to compete independently in different domestic markets. The multinational headquarters coordinates financial controls and major marketing policies, and may centralize some R&D and component production. Otherwise subsidiary behaves like a strategic business unit that is expected to contribute earnings and growth

Bipolar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bipolar - Assignment Example There are certain forms of medication that are used to control the symptoms of bipolar disorder It is important to note that, bipolar has different types of medications that can help control its symptoms. However, not every patient with bipolar disorder responds to medications in a similar manner. This means that doctors could prescribe different medications before coming to the ones that work best for a particular patient. The types of medications generally used in the treatment of bipolar disorder include atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants (Grunze, et.al, 2013). Mood stabilizers are normally the first choice in the treatment of bipolar. Patients with bipolar generally use mood stabilizers for years. There are several mood stabilizers that are good for people with bipolar. First, lithium also known as Lithobid or Eskalith is an effective mood stabilizer for bipolar patients. It treats both manic and depressive episodes. However, lithium could have side effects including restlessness, bloating, dry mouth, acne and joint and muscle pain among other side effects. The doctor should first check the amount of lithium in the body before prescribing the medication. Secondly, anticonvulsants are also used as stabilizers for people with bipolar disorder. They help control moods. Examples of anticonvulsants include Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine and topiramate. However, anticonvulsants could have side effects including drowsiness, headache, dizziness, heartburn, constipation and mood swings (McCance & Huether, 2010). Atypical antipsychotics are used to treat the symptoms of bipolar, however, not all the time. They are prescribed among other medications such as antidepressants and they include olanzapine, aripiprazole and quetiapine. These also have side effects that include dizziness, drowsiness, sensitivity to the sun, menstrual problems for women and rapid heartbeat